The effict of divorce on children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The effict of divorce on children - Essay Example To handle children while making them aware of the divorce, parents must keep in mind the age group to which a child belongs, as children of each age group have different ways of understanding situations and react differently as well (Janet and Art) The effects of divorce on children can be many and diversified depending on many factors. The various factors that are contributing factors towards effecting a child post and pre divorce situations are discussed below: There are several studies based on reviewing the effects of divorce on girls and boys of different age groups after divorce. It has been shown that boys seem to be more effected by divorce than girls, even in preschoolers, it has been seen that although both girls and boys show a disruption in play time and in play- ground, girls catch up pretty fats but the feeling of abandonment lingers on in boys a bit longer (Hughes, Jr. Robert). It has also been shown in many studies that although the performance in schools is affected in both genders but boys take much longer to perform well; seldom have they failed to perform at all in schools as compared to girls. There has been variation in studies carried on age related effects of divorce on children and it has been shown that children who experience loss of a parent after divorce at a very early age do not confront as serious problems as do children who have to suffer the same loss at age 6 and above. Children might develop anti-social tendencies or might find it difficult in interacting with peers, in some instances intellectual abilities might be disturbed as well. The conditions of a family and the features at the time of divorce and after that also play a critical role in contributing towards effecting broken-home children. It has been seen that socio-economic status of divorced families also plays an

Scientific Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Scientific Management - Essay Example In the fields of sociology and politics, scientific management can be viewed as the division of labour shoved to its rational limit, with the resulting oppression of the workplace and devaluation of the labourer (Taksa 1992). Although the usefulness of scientific management in the 21st century has been largely criticised, some of its premises survive today in several major companies, such as McDonalds, Ford, and Toyota. This paper discusses the extent of the application of scientific management in the 21st century and how its limitations are turned into something productive. First, a presentation of an overview of Taylor’s scientific management is imperative. Frederick Taylor argued that actions rooted in traditional practice and established methods should be replaced by accurate processes formulated after thorough analysis of a person at work. Its use is dependent on a strengthened degree of managerial control over the labour practices and work routines of employees (Freeman 1996). According to Drucker (2007), Taylor’s scientific management, also referred to as ‘Taylorism’, is a deviation on the issue of efficiency. Basically, it means that Taylor’s scientific management is concerned with waste reduction, productivity or efficiency enhancement, and application of scientific methods in choosing what is really important. ... asise the application of economic theories of utility maximisation and efficiency and scientific study to make sure that industry and government functioned to their best ability—which was the larger cultural version of the influence of scientific management on managers in particular. Indeed, Scientific Management is all but a systematic philosophy of worker and work. Altogether it may well be the most powerful as well as the most lasting contribution that America has made to Western thought since the Federalist Papers (Maciariello & Linkletter 2011, 384). The words of Maciariello and Linkletter (2011,384) reflect the significant efforts of scientific management scholars’ contribution to the development of management theory leading to its adaptation in the 21st century. The scientific management scholars created the managerial expertise of job design or planning through specialisation and division of labour, and developed the original methods of mass production. They als o raised the value of selection and training of employees. They pioneered the use of incentive and compensation packages to enhance work efficiency. They opened up the application of systematic and rational techniques to work out managerial issues (Mullins 2010). Ultimately, they placed emphasis to management as a legitimate area of scientific research. Nevertheless, there are several limitations to be taken into consideration. Primarily, as argued by Nankervis and colleagues (2005), the organised techniques of scientific management have been discovered to have their uses mostly in secure work settings and have less relevance in multifaceted and risk-inclined organisations. Also, they gave a great deal of importance on the alleged economic and rational essence of humans, exaggerating humans’ need